with的用法归纳总结

“with”作为英语中一个高频且多功能的介词，其复杂多变的用法常是语言学习者的重点与难点。精准掌握其在不同语境下的深层含义与语法功能，对于提升语言理解力、表达准确性和沟通流畅度至关重要。因此，一份系统而全面的用法归纳总结，能有效厘清困惑，构建清晰的学习路径。本文旨在通过多角度、深层次的剖析，详细阐述“with”的各类应用场景、搭配组合及语法特点，辅以丰富例证，助力读者全面理解并灵活运用这一核心介词。

篇一：《with的用法归纳总结》——基于语法功能与语义分类的深度解析

引言：多面“with”的概览

“with”是英语中最常见且用途最为广泛的介词之一，其丰富多变的语义和功能常常令学习者感到困惑。它不仅能够表示简单的“和……一起”，更能在不同的语境中承担起工具、方式、原因、条件、特征、伴随状态，乃至构成独立主格结构等多重语法角色。精准理解并掌握“with”的各项用法，是英语学习者提升语言运用能力的关键一步。本文将从语法功能和语义分类的角度出发，对“with”的各项主要用法进行系统而深入的归纳总结，辅以详尽的例句分析，旨在帮助读者全面厘清其复杂性，达到融会贯通的境界。

一、表示“伴随”与“同在”：人与人、人与物、物与物的共存关系

这是“with”最基本也是最直观的用法之一，强调主体与客体之间的陪伴、共同行动或共同存在。

1. 指人或动物的陪伴 当“with”连接两个人或一个主体与一个陪伴者时，表示“和……一起”、“与……同行”。 例句：

   • She went to the cinema with her best friend. (她和她最好的朋友一起去了电影院。)
   • The child was playing happily with his dog in the garden. (孩子和他的狗在花园里快乐地玩耍。)
   • He prefers to work with a team rather than alone. (他更喜欢和团队一起工作而不是独自一人。)
   • I'll have dinner with my family tonight. (今晚我将和家人共进晚餐。)
   • Do you want to come with us to the concert? (你想和我们一起去看音乐会吗？)

2. 指事物、物品的伴随或附加 当“with”连接主体与一个伴随的物品或事物时，表示“带有”、“附有”。 例句：

   • He came back from the trip with a new camera. (他旅行回来时带着一台新相机。)
   • The package arrived with a broken seal. (包裹送达时封条破损了。)
   • Please send the report with all necessary attachments. (请将报告连同所有必要的附件一并发送。)
   • She bought a book with a beautiful cover. (她买了一本封面很漂亮的书。)
   • The restaurant offers a set meal with a drink included. (这家餐厅提供一份包含饮料的套餐。)

3. 表示某种状态、情绪的伴随 指某种情绪、感觉或精神状态与主体同时存在。 例句：

   • She spoke with a trembling voice. (她用颤抖的声音说话。)
   • He accepted the challenge with great enthusiasm. (他满怀热情地接受了挑战。)
   • The crowd watched the performance with bated breath. (人群屏息观看表演。)
   • She greeted him with a warm smile. (她带着温暖的微笑向他打招呼。)
   • He listened to the news with a heavy heart. (他心情沉重地听着新闻。)

二、表示“工具”、“手段”与“方式”：完成动作的介质

这种用法强调“with”引出的是完成某个动作所使用的具体工具、手段或采取的特定方式。

1. 表示所用的工具或材料 例句：

   • He cut the cake with a sharp knife. (他用一把锋利的刀切蛋糕。)
   • She wrote the letter with a pen. (她用钢笔写信。)
   • The artist painted the portrait with oil colors. (这位艺术家用油画颜料绘制肖像。)
   • The carpenter built the table with wood and nails. (木匠用木头和钉子制作了桌子。)
   • You can open the bottle with a bottle opener. (你可以用开瓶器打开瓶子。)

2. 表示所用的手段、方法 例句：

   • They communicate with gestures when they can't speak. (他们无法说话时通过手势交流。)
   • He solved the problem with careful calculation. (他通过仔细计算解决了问题。)
   • We can improve our skills with constant practice. (我们可以通过不断练习提高技能。)
   • She managed to finish the task with a little help from her colleagues. (她在同事的一点帮助下完成了任务。)
   • The company aims to attract more customers with innovative marketing strategies. (公司旨在通过创新营销策略吸引更多客户。)

3. 表示动作进行的方式或风格 例句：

   • She sang the song with great passion. (她满怀激情地唱这首歌。)
   • He drives with extreme caution. (他开车非常小心。)
   • Please handle the fragile items with care. (请小心处理易碎物品。)
   • The team played with great determination. (球队踢得非常有决心。)
   • She explained the complex theory with remarkable clarity. (她以非凡的清晰度解释了复杂的理论。)

三、表示“拥有”、“带有”与“特征”：描述属性和构成

此用法主要用于描述人或事物所具有的某个特征、属性、品质，或其所包含的组成部分。

1. 描述人或事物的特征、属性 例句：

   • A man with a long beard entered the room. (一个留着长胡子的男人走进了房间。)
   • She lives in a house with a beautiful garden. (她住在一个带美丽花园的房子里。)
   • The car with the sunroof is expensive. (那辆带天窗的汽车很贵。)
   • He is a person with many talents. (他是一个多才多艺的人。)
   • We are looking for a candidate with strong leadership skills. (我们正在寻找一位具有强大领导能力的候选人。)

2. 表示包含或组成部分 例句：

   • A meal with lots of vegetables is healthy. (一顿富含蔬菜的饭菜是健康的。)
   • The report comes with several appendices. (这份报告附带了几个附录。)
   • Coffee with milk and sugar is my favorite. (加牛奶和糖的咖啡是我的最爱。)
   • The book is filled with useful information. (这本书充满了有用的信息。)
   • The offer includes a warranty with a full refund option. (此优惠包含带有全额退款选项的保修。)

四、表示“原因”与“结果”：因果关系的连接

在这种用法中，“with”通常引出一个原因，导致了某种情绪、状态或结果的产生。

1. 表示原因，通常是情感或身体反应的原因 例句：

   • He was trembling with fear. (他因恐惧而颤抖。)
   • She was bursting with joy at the good news. (她因这个好消息而喜极而泣。)
   • The dog was barking with excitement. (狗兴奋地叫着。)
   • His face was red with anger. (他气得满脸通红。)
   • The old man was shaking with cold. (老人冷得发抖。)

2. 表示伴随的结果或现象 例句：

   • The ground was wet with dew. (地面被露水打湿了。)
   • His eyes were swollen with tears. (他的眼睛因泪水而肿胀。)
   • The air was thick with smoke. (空气中烟雾弥漫。)
   • The basket was full with apples. (篮子里装满了苹果。)
   • The city streets were bustling with activity. (城市街道上熙熙攘攘，充满活力。)

五、表示“条件”与“状况”：特定的前提或背景

“with”可以引导一个短语，说明某个动作发生或某个状态存在的条件、前提或特定的背景环境。

1. 表示在某种条件或情况下 例句：

   • With a little effort, you can solve this problem. (只要稍加努力，你就能解决这个问题。)
   • With more practice, you will become perfect. (多加练习，你就会变得完美。)
   • It's hard to concentrate with all this noise. (在这么多噪音下很难集中注意力。)
   • With your permission, I'd like to make a suggestion. (如果允许的话，我想提个建议。)
   • With the current economic situation, many companies are struggling. (在当前的经济形势下，许多公司都在苦苦挣扎。)

2. 表示在某人/某物的允许、支持下 例句：

   • With his help, she finished the project on time. (在他的帮助下，她按时完成了项目。)
   • With the teacher's guidance, the students understood the concept. (在老师的指导下，学生们理解了这个概念。)
   • With permission from the authorities, they proceeded with the construction. (在得到当局许可后，他们继续进行施工。)
   • The proposal was approved with unanimous support from the committee. (这项提案得到了委员会的一致支持。)
   • We can overcome any difficulty with teamwork. (我们能够通过团队合作克服任何困难。)

六、表示“关系”、“关联”与“比较”：连接相关事物

这种用法强调“with”用于连接两个相关联的事物，表明它们之间的关系、关联性，或在比较中扮演的角色。

1. 表示与某人/某事的关系、联系 例句：

   • She has a good relationship with her colleagues. (她与同事关系很好。)
   • Are you familiar with this software? (你熟悉这个软件吗？)
   • He is always honest with me. (他对我很诚实。)
   • The company has strong ties with local businesses. (该公司与当地企业有很强的联系。)
   • My views are in agreement with yours on this matter. (在这个问题上我的观点与你一致。)

2. 表示比较、对照 例句：

   • Compare this with that. (把这个和那个比较一下。)
   • How does your new phone compare with your old one? (你的新手机和旧手机相比如何？)
   • I prefer coffee with milk compared with black coffee. (相比黑咖啡，我更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡。)
   • Her performance was outstanding compared with others. (她的表现相比其他人来说非常出色。)
   • His opinion contrasts sharply with mine. (他的观点与我的截然不同。)

七、在独立主格结构中的应用：“with”的句法高级形式

独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是“with”介词短语的一种高级用法，其结构为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”，在句中作状语，用于补充说明主句的背景、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语可以是多种形式。

1. with + 宾语 + 形容词 例句：

   • He slept with the window open. (他开着窗户睡觉。)
   • She stood there with her hands full. (她站在那里，手里拿满了东西。)
   • Don't speak with your mouth full. (吃东西的时候不要说话。)
   • He left the room with his face pale. (他脸色苍白地离开了房间。)
   • With his heart light, he walked into the future. (他心情轻松地走向未来。)

2. with + 宾语 + 副词 例句：

   • He stood with his hands behind his back. (他两手背在身后站着。)
   • She entered the room with him beside her. (她和他一起走进了房间。)
   • With the light on, I can read clearly. (有光亮着，我能清楚地阅读。)
   • They walked out of the store with nothing to buy. (他们走出商店，什么也没买。)
   • With the show over, everyone started to leave. (演出结束后，每个人都开始离开了。)

3. with + 宾语 + 现在分词（-ing形式） 表示宾语正在进行的主动动作。 例句：

   • With the sun setting, we headed home. (随着太阳下山，我们回家了。)
   • She lay on the grass with her eyes staring at the sky. (她躺在草地上，眼睛凝视着天空。)
   • He walked into the room with his heart beating fast. (他心跳加速地走进房间。)
   • With tears streaming down her face, she told her story. (她泪流满面地讲述了她的故事。)
   • With the engine running, the car was ready to go. (发动机运转着，汽车准备就绪。)

4. with + 宾语 + 过去分词（-ed形式） 表示宾语所承受的被动动作或已完成的状态。 例句：

   • She sat there with her eyes closed. (她闭着眼睛坐在那里。)
   • With his homework finished, he went out to play. (他的作业做完了，就出去玩了。)
   • The dog lay on the floor with its leg broken. (狗躺在地板上，腿断了。)
   • With the door locked, no one could enter. (门锁着，没有人能进去。)
   • He spoke with his voice muffled. (他说话声音含糊不清。)

5. with + 宾语 + 介词短语 例句：

   • He stood there with a book in his hand. (他手里拿着一本书站在那里。)
   • With no money in his pocket, he felt helpless. (口袋里没钱，他感到无助。)
   • She waited with her child by her side. (她和孩子一起等待。)
   • With the ball at his feet, he dribbled down the field. (球在他脚下，他带球跑过球场。)
   • With a bright future ahead of him, he felt optimistic. (他前途光明，感到乐观。)

八、固定搭配与短语动词：提升表达地道性

“with”参与构成了大量的固定搭配和短语动词，这些是英语表达中不可或缺的部分，掌握它们能大大提升语言的地道性和流畅度。

1. 动词 + with 搭配

   • agree with (同意，赞同) 例句：I agree with you on this point. (在这一点上我同意你的看法。)
   • deal with (处理，应付) 例句：How do you usually deal with stress? (你通常如何应对压力？)
   • argue with (与……争论) 例句：Don't argue with your parents. (不要和你的父母争论。)
   • compare with (与……比较) 例句：Compare the original version with the revised one. (比较原版和修订版。)
   • connect with (与……连接，与……建立联系) 例句：He connected with many interesting people at the conference. (他在会议上结识了许多有趣的人。)
   • provide with (向……提供) 例句：The school provides students with free textbooks. (学校为学生提供免费教科书。)
   • share with (与……分享) 例句：She shared her lunch with her classmate. (她和同学分享了她的午餐。)
   • supply with (向……供应) 例句：The factory supplies the market with various goods. (这家工厂向市场供应各种商品。)
   • trust with (信任……做某事) 例句：I wouldn't trust him with my money. (我不会把我的钱交给他。)
   • quarrel with (与……争吵) 例句：They often quarrel with each other over trivial matters. (他们经常为琐事互相争吵。)
   • begin with (以……开始) 例句：Let's begin with a review of the previous lesson. (让我们从回顾上一课开始。)
   • continue with (继续进行) 例句：He continued with his research despite the difficulties. (尽管有困难，他还是继续了他的研究。)
   • fight with (与……打架/作战) 例句：The soldiers fought bravely with the enemy. (士兵们勇敢地与敌人作战。)
   • help with (帮助……做某事) 例句：Can you help me with my homework? (你能帮我做作业吗？)
   • interfere with (干涉，妨碍) 例句：Don't interfere with their personal affairs. (不要干涉他们的私人事务。)

2. 形容词 + with 搭配

   • angry with (对……生气) 例句：She was angry with him for being late. (她因为他迟到而生他的气。)
   • bored with (对……感到厌烦) 例句：I'm bored with doing the same thing every day. (我厌倦了每天做同样的事情。)
   • busy with (忙于……) 例句：He is always busy with his work. (他总是忙于工作。)
   • crowded with (挤满了……) 例句：The street was crowded with people during the festival. (节日期间街道上挤满了人。)
   • disappointed with (对……感到失望) 例句：I'm very disappointed with your performance. (我对你的表现非常失望。)
   • familiar with (熟悉……) 例句：Are you familiar with this area? (你熟悉这个区域吗？)
   • filled with (充满……) 例句：The room was filled with laughter. (房间里充满了笑声。)
   • pleased with (对……感到满意) 例句：The teacher was pleased with the students' progress. (老师对学生的进步感到满意。)
   • satisfied with (对……感到满意) 例句：Are you satisfied with the result? (你对结果满意吗？)
   • associated with (与……相关联) 例句：The risks associated with this project are high. (与这个项目相关的风险很高。)
   • concerned with (关心，关注) 例句：The report is primarily concerned with environmental issues. (这份报告主要关注环境问题。)
   • patient with (对……有耐心) 例句：You need to be patient with beginners. (你需要对初学者有耐心。)
   • popular with (受……欢迎) 例句：The new policy is very popular with the public. (这项新政策很受公众欢迎。)

九、总结与展望

通过对“with”介词在表示伴随、工具、方式、拥有、特征、原因、条件、关系以及独立主格结构等多个维度的系统梳理，我们可以看到其功能的多样性和语义的丰富性。掌握这些核心用法，不仅能帮助我们更准确地理解英文文本，还能在口语和写作中更加灵活自如地运用。特别是在独立主格结构和各种固定搭配中，“with”的运用更是体现了英语表达的精妙与高效。建议学习者在日常学习中多加留意，通过大量的阅读和实践，不断巩固和深化对“with”各种用法的理解，最终实现从认识到熟练，从熟练到精通的跨越。

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篇二：《with的用法归纳总结》——情境应用与语义辨析

引言：语境下的“with”智慧

“with”的魅力在于其强大的语境适应性。在不同的对话场景、书面语境乃至情感表达中，同一个“with”可能承载着微妙的语义差异，甚至与其他介词产生混淆。要真正精通“with”的用法，除了理解其基本语法功能外，更需要深入挖掘其在实际情境中的具体应用，辨析其细微的语义差别，并掌握如何避免常见的误用。本文将聚焦“with”的情境应用，通过具体案例分析和与其他易混淆介词的对比，帮助读者在复杂多变的语言环境中，准确捕捉“with”的精髓，实现灵活而地道的表达。

一、日常生活场景中的“with”：口语中的高频运用

在日常交流中，“with”以其简洁和多功能性，广泛应用于各种口语情境，表达陪伴、拥有、工具和方式。

1. 表达陪伴与同行 这是最常见的口语用法，用于邀请、告知或询问陪伴情况。 例句：

   • "Are you coming with me to the supermarket?" "Yes, I'll grab my bag and be right with you." (“你和我一起去超市吗？”“是的，我拿上包马上就跟你去。”)
   • "She arrived at the party with a bouquet of flowers." (她带着一束鲜花抵达派对。)
   • "I always feel safe with you around." (你身边我总是感到安全。)
   • "Can I leave my dog with you for an hour?" (我可以把我的狗寄放在你这一个小时吗？)
   • "Let's go for a walk with the kids." (我们带着孩子们去散步吧。)

2. 描述物品的拥有与特征 在口语中，常用来简单描述某人或某物所具备的特点。 例句：

   • "I saw a car with a flat tire on the side of the road." (我看到路边有一辆爆胎的汽车。)
   • "Do you prefer coffee with sugar or without?" (你喜欢加糖的咖啡还是不加糖的？)
   • "He's the guy with the red hat." (他就是那个戴红帽子的家伙。)
   • "I need a bigger cup with a handle." (我需要一个带把手的大杯子。)
   • "She has a dog with really long ears." (她有一只耳朵特别长的狗。)

3. 指示工具与方式 用于说明做某事所用的工具或采取的方式。 例句：

   • "Can you open this jar with one hand?" (你能单手打开这个罐子吗？)
   • "Please write your name with a pen, not a pencil." (请用钢笔写你的名字，而不是铅笔。)
   • "He always eats his soup with a spoon." (他总是用勺子喝汤。)
   • "She speaks English with a slight accent." (她讲英语带点口音。)
   • "I fixed the chair with some glue." (我用胶水修好了椅子。)

二、商务与学术语境中的“with”：严谨与精确的表达

在正式的商务报告、学术论文或专业沟通中，“with”往往承担着更严谨、精确的功能，表达关联、提供、条件和原因等。

1. 表达关联、符合与一致 在商务和学术语境中，“with”常用于表达数据、观点或行动之间的关联性、符合度或一致性。 例句：

   • "The findings are consistent with previous research." (研究结果与之前的研究一致。)
   • "This proposal aligns with our strategic objectives." (这项提案与我们的战略目标相符。)
   • "Our company complies with all relevant industry regulations." (我们公司遵守所有相关的行业法规。)
   • "The report provides detailed analysis, complete with statistical data." (报告提供了详细分析，并附有统计数据。)
   • "The decision was made with the consensus of all stakeholders." (这项决定是在所有利益相关者达成共识后作出的。)

2. 表示提供、配备与装备 常用于描述公司向客户提供服务或产品，或设备配备了某种功能。 例句：

   • "Our software solution provides clients with comprehensive data security." (我们的软件解决方案为客户提供全面的数据安全。)
   • "The new lab is equipped with state-of-the-art instruments." (新实验室配备了最先进的仪器。)
   • "Each employee is furnished with a laptop and a company phone." (每位员工都配备了一台笔记本电脑和一部公司电话。)
   • "The package comes with a user manual and installation guide." (该软件包附带用户手册和安装指南。)
   • "The service offers customers with 24/7 technical support." (该服务为客户提供24/7技术支持。)

3. 表达条件与限制 在合同、协议或项目计划中，常用来设定条件或限制。 例句：

   • "The project can proceed with sufficient funding." (如果资金充足，项目可以继续进行。)
   • "With all due respect, I must disagree with your assessment." (恕我直言，我不同意您的评估。)
   • "The agreement is valid with both parties' signatures." (在双方签字后，协议才有效。)
   • "Production will resume with safety protocols strictly observed." (在严格遵守安全规程的前提下，生产将恢复。)
   • "This offer is conditional with your acceptance by Friday." (此优惠的条件是您在周五前接受。)

三、情感表达中的“with”：细腻情绪的传递

“with”在表达情感时，能够细腻地描绘伴随情绪的状态、原因，甚至是一种面对或应对的方式。

1. 表示伴随的情绪或态度 例句：

   • "She greeted him with a warm smile and an embrace." (她带着温暖的微笑和拥抱向他致意。)
   • "He faced the challenge with courage and determination." (他以勇气和决心面对挑战。)
   • "The children watched the fireworks with wide-eyed wonder." (孩子们睁大眼睛惊奇地看着烟花。)
   • "She listened to his apology with a stony face." (她面无表情地听着他的道歉。)
   • "He left the meeting with a sense of disappointment." (他带着失望离开了会议。)

2. 表示引起情绪的原因 例句：

   • "She was overwhelmed with joy when she heard the news." (听到这个消息时，她欣喜若狂。)
   • "The city was alive with excitement during the festival." (节日期间，整个城市都充满了兴奋。)
   • "His heart was filled with sadness after the farewell." (告别后，他的心里充满了悲伤。)
   • "He trembled with barely suppressed anger." (他因几乎无法抑制的愤怒而颤抖。)
   • "The room resonated with laughter." (房间里回荡着笑声。)

3. 表达应对方式或情感倾向 例句：

   • "He always treats his elders with respect." (他总是尊敬长辈。)
   • "You should approach this sensitive issue with caution." (你应该谨慎处理这个敏感问题。)
   • "She spoke with great affection for her hometown." (她深情地谈论着她的家乡。)
   • "I have no patience with people who are always late." (我对总是迟到的人没有耐心。)
   • "He looks at life with a positive attitude." (他以积极的态度看待生活。)

四、常见易混淆用法辨析：“with” vs. 其他介词

“with”在某些语境下容易与“by”、“of”、“for”等介词混淆，理解它们之间的区别至关重要。

1. “with” vs. “by”：工具与施动者

   • “with” 通常指 具体使用的工具、器械、材料或伴随的动作方式 。 例句：He wrote the letter with a pen. (他用钢笔写信。—— pen是工具)
   • “by” 通常指 动作的施动者（在被动语态中）、方法、手段或通过某种方式 。 例句：The letter was written by him. (这封信是他写的。—— him是施动者) 例句：He travelled by train. (他乘火车旅行。—— train是交通方式) 例句：He solved the problem by reading the manual. (他通过阅读手册解决了问题。—— reading the manual是方法)

   对比例句：* He was killed with a knife. (他被刀所杀。—— knife是凶器)* He was killed by a robber. (他被抢劫犯所杀。—— robber是施动者)

2. “with” vs. “of”：拥有与组成

   • “with” 通常强调 附加的、伴随的或具有某种特征 。 例句：A man with a beard. (一个留着胡子的男人。—— 胡子是男人拥有的一个特征)
   • “of” 通常强调 所属关系、组成部分或材料 。 例句：The beard of the man. (那个男人的胡子。—— 胡子是男人的一部分) 例句：A table made of wood. (一张木制的桌子。—— wood是材料)

   对比例句：* A girl with long hair. (一个长头发的女孩。—— 头发是女孩的特征)* The capital of China. (中国的首都。—— 首都属于中国)* A box full of toys. (一个装满玩具的盒子。—— 玩具是盒子里的组成部分)

3. “with” vs. “for”：伴随与目的/受益者

   • “with” 表示 陪伴、工具、方式、拥有或伴随状态 。 例句：She is walking with her dog. (她和她的狗一起散步。—— 陪伴)
   • “for” 表示 目的、原因、受益者、持续时间或表示“为了” 。 例句：She bought a toy for her dog. (她为她的狗买了一个玩具。—— 狗是受益者/为了狗) 例句：I prepared dinner for my family. (我为我的家人准备晚餐。—— 目的/受益者)

   对比例句：* He came with a gift. (他带着一份礼物来了。—— 伴随)* He bought a gift for his friend. (他为朋友买了一份礼物。—— 目的/受益者)

五、“with”的省略与强调：语言的灵活性

在某些语境下，“with”可以被省略，使语句更简洁；而在另一些情况下，通过重复或特定结构可以强调“with”的作用。

1. “with”的省略 在一些口语或非正式表达中，当“with”表示工具或方式时，如果上下文清晰，有时可以省略。 例句：

   • (With) a little more effort, you can do it. (再多努力一点，你就能做到。)
   • He opened the door (with) a key. (他用钥匙开了门。)
   • (With) bare hands, he built the shelter. (他徒手建造了避难所。)
   • 注意：这种省略并非普遍适用，多见于固定的短语或简洁的表达中，尤其在书面语中应谨慎使用。

2. “with”的强调 通过重复“with”或将其置于句首，可以达到强调的目的。 例句：

   • "With all her talents, and with all her connections, she still failed." (凭借她的所有才能，以及她所有的关系，她还是失败了。) (强调多种因素的并存)
   • "It was with great difficulty that they completed the mission." (他们是在极其困难的情况下完成任务的。) (强调方式的艰难)
   • "With courage, with determination, and with unwavering spirit, they marched forward." (他们带着勇气、决心和坚定不移的精神前进。) (强调并列的品质)

六、“with”在写作中的高级运用：提升文章表现力

掌握“with”的高级用法，特别是独立主格结构，可以使文章更具表现力，句子结构更多样化。

1. 利用独立主格结构丰富句式 独立主格结构可以简洁地提供背景信息、伴随情况或原因，避免使用过多的从句，使句子更紧凑、生动。 例句：

   • 原始句式： The sun was shining brightly, so we decided to go for a picnic. (太阳明媚地照耀着，所以我们决定去野餐。)
   • 高级用法： With the sun shining brightly, we decided to go for a picnic. (阳光普照，我们决定去野餐。)
   • 原始句式： His hands were tied, and he couldn't do anything. (他的手被绑着，他什么也做不了。)
   • 高级用法： With his hands tied, he couldn't do anything. (他双手被缚，束手无策。)
   • 原始句式： The homework was finished, and the children went out to play. (作业做完了，孩子们出去玩了。)
   • 高级用法： With their homework finished, the children went out to play. (作业完成后，孩子们出去玩了。)

2. 通过“with”表达对比或反差 虽然不常用于直接的强烈对比，但在某些语境下，“with”可以暗示一种对照。 例句：

   • "He lives in a big house with few friends, while she lives in a small apartment with many loved ones." (他住在大房子里，朋友很少；而她住在小公寓里，有很多亲人。) (暗示生活状态的对比)
   • "His actions, with all his good intentions, still caused harm." (他的行为，尽管带着所有好的意图，仍然造成了伤害。) (好意与结果的反差)

总结：融会贯通，灵活致用

“with”在英语中的情境应用和语义辨析，揭示了其作为核心介词的巨大语言能量。从日常的口语交流到严谨的商务学术报告，从细腻的情感表达到着重逻辑的语义辨析，再到提升文章表现力的高级句式，“with”无处不在，且其含义随着语境的变化而灵动。掌握“with”的关键在于，不仅要记忆其分类用法，更要培养语感，学会结合上下文理解其具体指代，并在实际运用中不断练习。通过深入理解其与“by”、“of”、“for”等介词的细微差别，并灵活运用独立主格等高级结构，你将能够更自如、更地道地驾驭英语表达，使你的语言更加精准、生动且富有层次。

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篇三：《with的用法归纳总结》——动词-介词搭配与结构强化

引言：“with”在结构中的力量

介词“with”的强大，不仅体现在其多样的独立语义上，更在于它与动词、形容词等词汇紧密结合，形成海量的固定搭配和短语结构。这些搭配和结构往往具有特定的含义，是英语地道表达的基石。对于学习者而言，单纯理解“with”的孤立意义远远不够，深入剖析它在动词-介词搭配中的作用，以及如何构建复杂的句法结构，是迈向高级英语的关键一步。本文将侧重于“with”与动词、形容词的常见搭配，以及它在独立主格结构中的强化运用，旨在通过大量的实例，帮助读者系统掌握这些高频且至关重要的语言片段，从而在理解和运用中更加游刃有余。

一、动词 + “with” 搭配：深化动词含义

许多动词需要与“with”结合才能表达完整或特定的意义，这些搭配构成了英语词汇的重要组成部分。

1. 表示“同意”、“一致”或“争论”

   • agree with (同意，与……一致)：常指观点、意见或食物的适合。 例句：I entirely agree with your proposal. (我完全同意你的提议。) 例句：The climate here doesn't agree with me. (这里的气候不适合我。)
   • argue with (与……争论)： 例句：Don't argue with him; he never changes his mind. (别和他争论；他从不改变主意。)
   • disagree with (不同意，与……不符)： 例句：His actions disagree with his words. (他的行动与他的言论不符。)
   • coincide with (与……同时发生/吻合)： 例句：My vacation coincides with hers. (我的假期和她的假期重合了。)
   • comply with (遵守，服从)： 例句：All employees must comply with company regulations. (所有员工必须遵守公司规定。)
   • correspond with (与……通信；与……一致)： 例句：Her story corresponds with the witness's account. (她的故事与目击者的描述相符。)

2. 表示“处理”、“应付”或“联系”

   • deal with (处理，应付)： 例句：We need to deal with this problem immediately. (我们需要立即处理这个问题。)
   • cope with (应付，处理)： 例句：She is finding it hard to cope with the pressure. (她发现很难应对压力。)
   • connect with (与……连接，建立联系)： 例句：He connected with many valuable contacts at the conference. (他在会议上结识了许多有价值的人脉。)
   • engage with (与……互动，参与)： 例句：It's important to engage with the local community. (与当地社区互动是很重要的。)
   • interact with (与……互动)： 例句：Children learn best when they interact with their peers. (孩子们在与同伴互动时学习效果最好。)

3. 表示“提供”、“给予”或“分享”

   • provide with (向……提供)： 例句：The school provides students with a good education. (学校为学生提供良好的教育。)
   • supply with (向……供应)： 例句：The company supplies the market with raw materials. (公司向市场供应原材料。)
   • furnish with (向……提供，配备)： 例句：The apartment is furnished with all modern conveniences. (这套公寓配备了所有现代化设施。)
   • present with (赠予，呈现)： 例句：They presented him with an award for his service. (他们为他的服务颁发了一个奖项给他。)
   • endow with (天赋予，赋予)： 例句：She was endowed with exceptional musical talent. (她天赋异禀，拥有非凡的音乐才华。)
   • share with (与……分享)： 例句：Please share your thoughts with the group. (请与小组分享你的想法。)

4. 表示“开始”、“结束”或“关联”

   • begin with (以……开始)： 例句：Let's begin with a quick review. (让我们先快速回顾一下。)
   • end with (以……结束)： 例句：The play ended with a standing ovation. (这部剧在观众的起立鼓掌中结束。)
   • finish with (完成……)： 例句：Are you finished with that book yet? (你那本书读完了吗？)
   • compare with (与……比较)： 例句：How does this model compare with the previous one? (这个型号和之前的型号相比如何？)
   • contrast with (与……形成对比)： 例句：His quiet demeanor contrasts sharply with her outgoing personality. (他安静的举止与她外向的个性形成鲜明对比。)
   • associate with (与……联系，与……来往)： 例句：I don't want to associate with people who are dishonest. (我不想和不诚实的人来往。)

5. 其他常见动词 + “with” 短语

   • meet with (遇到，会见)： 例句：The proposal met with strong opposition. (这项提议遭到强烈反对。)
   • reason with (与……说理)： 例句：It's impossible to reason with him when he's angry. (他生气时无法与他讲道理。)
   • trust with (信任……做某事)： 例句：I wouldn't trust him with such an important secret. (我不会把这么重要的秘密托付给他。)
   • struggle with (与……搏斗，努力应对)： 例句：Many students struggle with math. (许多学生在数学方面有困难。)
   • put up with (忍受)： 例句：I can't put up with his bad temper anymore. (我再也无法忍受他的坏脾气了。)
   • do away with (废除，取消)： 例句：The government decided to do away with the old policy. (政府决定废除旧政策。)

二、形容词 + “with” 搭配：描述状态与情感

形容词与“with”的搭配常用于描述主体的状态、感受、态度或其与某事物之间的关系。

1. 表示情感、感受

   • angry with (对……生气)： 例句：She was angry with him for forgetting her birthday. (她因为他忘了她的生日而生他的气。)
   • pleased with (对……满意)： 例句：The boss was pleased with the team's performance. (老板对团队的表现很满意。)
   • satisfied with (对……满意)： 例句：Are you satisfied with the quality of the product? (你对产品的质量满意吗？)
   • disappointed with (对……失望)： 例句：I'm disappointed with the lack of progress. (我对缺乏进展感到失望。)
   • bored with (对……厌倦)： 例句：He's bored with his current job. (他对目前的工作感到厌倦。)
   • concerned with (关心，关注，涉及)： 例句：The committee is concerned with environmental protection. (委员会关注环境保护。)
   • fed up with (厌烦，受够了)： 例句：I'm fed up with all these complaints. (我受够了所有这些抱怨。)
   • happy with (对……满意/高兴)： 例句：Are you happy with your new car? (你对你的新车满意吗？)

2. 表示熟悉、相关

   • familiar with (熟悉……)： 例句：Are you familiar with the local customs? (你熟悉当地风俗吗？)
   • acquainted with (认识，熟悉)： 例句：I'm not acquainted with this author's work. (我不熟悉这位作家的作品。)
   • involved with (与……有关联，卷入)： 例句：He became involved with a new project. (他参与了一个新项目。)
   • connected with (与……有联系)： 例句：Is your problem connected with the software update? (你的问题与软件更新有关吗？)
   • associated with (与……相关联)： 例句：The risks associated with smoking are well-known. (与吸烟相关的风险众所周知。)

3. 表示充满、具备

   • filled with (充满……)： 例句：The room was filled with sunshine. (房间里充满了阳光。)
   • crowded with (挤满了……)： 例句：The streets were crowded with shoppers. (街道上挤满了购物者。)
   • packed with (塞满了……，挤满了……)： 例句：The lecture hall was packed with students. (演讲厅里挤满了学生。)
   • covered with (被……覆盖)： 例句：The ground was covered with snow. (地面被雪覆盖着。)
   • loaded with (装满了……)： 例句：The truck was loaded with fresh produce. (卡车装满了新鲜农产品。)

4. 表示其他属性或关系

   • patient with (对……有耐心)： 例句：She is very patient with young children. (她对小孩子很有耐心。)
   • popular with (受……欢迎)： 例句：The new teacher is very popular with the students. (新老师很受学生欢迎。)
   • consistent with (与……一致)： 例句：His story is consistent with the facts. (他的故事与事实一致。)
   • content with (满足于……)： 例句：He seems content with his simple life. (他似乎满足于简单的生活。)

三、“with”引导的复杂结构强化：拓展句子表达力

除了独立主格结构外，“with”还可以引导其他复杂的介词短语，在句中作状语，提供额外的信息，使句子更具深度和细节。

1. “with”引导的介词短语作方式状语 强调动作进行的方式，使表达更生动具体。 例句：

   • She sang the lullaby with a tender voice. (她用温柔的声音唱着摇篮曲。)
   • He explained the difficult concept with remarkable clarity. (他以非凡的清晰度解释了那个难题。)
   • They greeted the guests with utmost hospitality. (他们以最热情的款待迎接客人。)
   • The architect approached the design with an innovative perspective. (建筑师以创新的视角进行设计。)

2. “with”引导的介词短语作伴随状语 描述伴随主体动作发生的状态或情况。 例句：

   • The students entered the classroom with their textbooks in hand. (学生们手里拿着课本走进了教室。)
   • He left the meeting with a heavy heart. (他心情沉重地离开了会议。)
   • She observed the scene with a curious look on her face. (她脸上带着好奇的表情观察着那个场景。)
   • The old car struggled up the hill with its engine sputtering. (那辆旧车发动机砰砰作响地吃力爬坡。)

3. “with”在习语和惯用语中的应用 许多习语和惯用语中包含“with”，这些是英语文化的缩影，掌握它们能让表达更地道。

   • to be on good terms with someone (与某人关系良好)： 例句：She is on good terms with all her neighbors. (她和所有邻居关系都很好。)
   • to make friends with someone (与某人交朋友)： 例句：It's easy to make friends with her; she's very friendly. (和她交朋友很容易；她很友好。)
   • to break with tradition (打破传统)： 例句：The young artist decided to break with tradition and try a new style. (这位年轻艺术家决定打破传统，尝试一种新风格。)
   • to keep up with (跟上，不落后于)： 例句：It's hard to keep up with the latest technological advancements. (很难跟上最新的技术发展。)
   • to come to terms with (接受，妥协)： 例句：She had to come to terms with the fact that her dream would not come true. (她不得不接受她的梦想不会实现的事实。)
   • to get away with (（做坏事）逃脱惩罚)： 例句：You can't expect to get away with cheating. (你不能指望作弊而不受惩罚。)
   • to do with (与……有关)： 例句：What do you want to do with the old furniture? (你想怎么处理这些旧家具？)
   • to have nothing to do with (与……无关)： 例句：I have nothing to do with that matter. (我与那件事无关。)
   • to be through with (与……断绝关系；完成)： 例句：I'm through with him. (我与他断绝关系了。) / I'm through with my work. (我完成工作了。)

四、比较分析：“with”与其他介词在复杂结构中的选择

在构建复杂句子时，有时选择“with”还是其他介词，会影响句子的重心、语态或强调点。

1. “with” vs. “as”：伴随状态与身份/角色

   • “with” 引导的是一个 伴随的、附加的状态或情境 。 例句：He walked with his dog. (他带着狗散步。) 例句：With a smile, she accepted the gift. (她笑着接受了礼物。)
   • “as” 引导的则是 身份、角色、功能或“作为” 。 例句：He works as a teacher. (他作为一名老师工作。) 例句：As a student, you should focus on your studies. (作为一名学生，你应该专注于学业。)

2. “with” vs. “due to/owing to”：独立主格与直接原因

   • “with” 在独立主格中，可以表达 伴随的原因或背景，但通常不强调直接因果关系 ，更多是说明一种相关联的情况。 例句：With the rain pouring down, the game was postponed. (大雨倾盆，比赛被推迟了。) (雨是背景/原因之一)
   • “due to / owing to” 则直接强调 明确的因果关系 。 例句：The game was postponed due to the rain. (比赛因雨推迟了。) (雨是直接原因)
     • 注意： 独立主格的“with”在某些语境下确实可以表示原因，但其语法结构和语义侧重与“due to”等表达直接原因的介词短语有所不同。

总结：结构强化的“with”

通过对“with”在动词-介词搭配、形容词-介词搭配以及复杂句式（尤其是习语和惯用语）中的深入探讨，我们看到“with”不仅仅是一个介词，更是英语语言中连接词汇、构建意义、强化表达的关键元素。掌握这些结构，意味着你能够更准确地理解动词和形容词在特定语境下的深层含义，能够更加灵活地运用各种句式来表达复杂的思想，使你的语言表达既符合语法规范，又富有地道色彩。未来的学习中，建议读者通过查阅词典、大量阅读和模仿练习，不断积累和巩固这些包含“with”的固定搭配与结构，将它们内化为自己语言能力的一部分，从而在英语学习的道路上取得更大的进步。